Linux Solutions in Emergerncy

Grub : There may be problem with the label in grub,check the grunb.conf file .First of all boot the system by entering into the command mode.
In Emergency mode,root filesystem is mounted as read-only so you need to remount the filesystem in read write mode.
# df -h : use this command to see the root parition
# mount -o remount,rw /dev/hdax / : use this command to remount in read write mode.
After this you can edit the grub.conf ,but at this time /boot is not mounted and only / is mounted so first find the /boot partition.
# fdisk -l ==> Find the /boot
#e2label /dev/hda1 then try /dev/hda2 then 3 and so on until you find /boot.
# mount /dev/hdax /boot
Now the /boot is mounted edit the grub.conf and then type exit to reboot.

If the Filesystem is severly corrupt then try the following :
#e2fsck -y /dev/hdax : The partition for which fsck couldnot run
If Bash Is corrupt then the last alternate is to re-install bash package using rescue mode.